Resumo

NOGUEIRA, Elaine Batista; CORTINES, Andréa Araujo de Oliveira; DAHER, Anelise  e  COSTA, Luciane Rezende. Oral hygiene and pneumonia in children in Intensive Care Units: a systematic review. Rev. Assoc. Paul. Cir. Dent. [online]. 2015, vol.69, n.1, pp. 14-19. ISSN 0004-5276.

Objective: Patients in Intensive Care Units (ICU) may present ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), which is a severe infection related to bacterial colonization in the oropharynx. The objective of this study was to identify scientific evidences on the effect of oral hygiene in the prevention of VAP in children admitted to neonatal or pediatric ICU. Methods: Systematic review of studies indexed in Embase, Medline and Lilacs, conducted in children on mechanical ventilation. The intervention of interest was oral hygiene and the outcome, VAP. We used the Jadad and the Newcastle-Ottawa scales for the qualitative classification of the studies. Results: Five out of 113 papers were selected. Three cohort studies evaluated oral hygiene as part of a comprehensive care bundle and found a significant reduction in the incidence of VAP. Two clinical trials investigated toothbrushing performed with 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate gel compared to placebo, and showed no significant reduction in the occurrence of VAP. Conclusion: Oral hygiene integrated into a hospital infection prevention protocol associated with the reduction of VAP in children admitted to ICU; there is no evidence for the effectiveness of oral hygiene with chlorhexidine in children admitted to ICU.

Palavras-chave : pneumonia; ventilator-associated; oral hygiene; child; hospitalized; intensive care units; neonatal; intensive care units; pediatric..