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Arquivos em Odontologia

versão impressa ISSN 1516-0939

Resumo

VALE, Maria Josecí Lima Cavalcante et al. Self-perception of oral health by elderly and associated factors in Teresina-PI. Arq. Odontol. [online]. 2016, vol.52, n.1, pp. 46-56. ISSN 1516-0939.

Aim: To assess self-perceived oral health and its association with socioeconomic, clinical, and behavioral variables. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated 425 elderly patients (60 years of age) from Teresina, PI, Brazil. The intraoral examination was performed by the caries attack rate (DMFT), the periodontal index and the need for prosthesis. The Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) was assessed through interviews. The data related to GOHAI were presented descriptively and then dichotomized into low perception (sum of scores < 32) and high perception (sum of scores ≥ 32). Univariate analyses were performed using the chi-square test to assess the association between the old profile, the DMFT, the periodontal index, the use and need for prostheses (exposure variables), and GOHAI (outcome variable). Variables with a significance level of less than 0.2 were studied in a multiple logistic regression analysis, using the "stepwise" procedure, in order to identify the factors associated with low perception. Results: The DMFT was 29.3 ± 4.4 (mean / ± SD). Regarding periodontal disease, 14.2% of the teeth were healthy, 23.5% presented bleeding, and 7.0% presented a periodontal pocket. Regarding the use of a prosthesis, 73.4% and 47.5% used it in the top and bottom regions, respectively, while 25.0% and 51.0% needed the prostheses in the upper and lower regions, respectively. Elderly patients with incomes of lower or equal to 1 minimum salary are 2.19 (CI: 1.30 to 3.69) times more likely to present a weak perception of oral health. By contrast, the elderly patients who take medications on a daily basis are 1.90 (CI: 1.10 to 2.87) times more likely to present a weak perception of oral health, while the elderly who require lower dentures are 1.88 (CI: 0.35 to 1.09) times more likely to present a weak perception of oral health than are the elderly who need to use full dentures. Conclusion: The self-perception of oral health by the elderly of Teresina, Piauí, Brazil in this study was positive; however, monthly incomes of lower than 1 minimum salary, daily intakes of medications, and the need for lower dentures are factors associated with a weak perception of oral health reported by this study's participants.

Palavras-chave : Self-perception.; Oral health; Elderly..

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