ORIGINAL ARTICLE

 

Mechanical and acid root treatment on periodontally affected human teeth - a scanning electronic microscopy

 

 

Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira Soares^I; Carolina Guimarães Castro^II; Carolina Assaf Branco^III; Denildo Magalhães^I; Alfredo Júlio Fernandes Neto^III; Carlos José Soares^II

^IDepartment of Periodontology and Implantology, Dental School, Federal University of Uberlândia, Brazil
^IIDepartment of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Dental School, Federal University of Uberlândia, Brazil
^IIIDepartment of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, Dental School, Federal University of Uberlândia, Brazil

Correspondence

 

 

---

ABSTRACT

AIM: To evaluate the root topography of human teeth affected by periodontitis, after different root surface treatments.
METHODS: Forty-two periodontally affected single-rooted human teeth were selected and randomly divided into 7 groups (n=6): Cont- control group, which received no treatment; Sca- root surface scaling and root planning with curettes; ScaPh- Sca followed by 37% phosphoric acid gel etching for 15 s; ScaEdta- Sca followed by 24% EDTA gel pH 7 for 1 min; ScaCi- Sca followed by 30% citric acid pH 1.6 for 5 min; ScaTe- Sca followed by – mixture obtained by 500 mg tetracycline capsule dissolved in saline solution for 3 min; ScaTeg- Sca followed by 0.2 g/mL tetracycline gel pH 1.8 for 1 min. The specimens were analyzed by scanning electronic microscopy to verify the presence of calculus, demineralization level and residues of the product.
RESULTS: Calculus deposits were found in all control specimens. ScaEdta, ScaCi and ScaTeg removed completely calculus deposits and resulted in adequate demineralization without smear layer and smear plug on root surface. ScaTe produced great tetracycline residues with several demineralization areas on root dentin surface.
CONCLUSIONS: ScaEdta, ScaCi and ScaTeg produced clean root surfaces associated with regular dentin demineralization.

Keywords: scanning electron microscopy; periodontitis; conditioning; dental scaling; root planning and demineralization

---

 

 

Full text available only in PDF format.

 

 

References

1. Rohanizadeh R, Legeros RZ. Ultrastructural study of calculus-enamel and calculus-root interfaces. Arch Oral Biol. 2005; 50: 89-96.         [ Links ]

2. Aleo JJ, De Renzis FA, Farber PA, Varboncoeur AP. The presence and biologic activity of cementum-bound endotoxin. J Periodontol. 1974; 45: 672-5.         [ Links ]

3. Higashi T, Okamoto H. The effect of ultrasonic irrigation before and after citric acid treatment on collagen fibril exposure: an in vitro SEM study. J Periodontol. 1995; 66: 887-91.         [ Links ]

4. Lasho DJ, O’Leary TJ, Kafrawy AH. A scanning electron microscope study of the effects of various agents on instrumented periodontally involved root surfaces. J Periodontol. 1983; 54: 210-20.         [ Links ]

5. Babay N. Attachment of human gingival fibroblasts to periodontally involved root surface following scaling and/or etching procedures: a scanning electron microscopy study. Braz Dent J. 2001; 12: 17-21.         [ Links ]

6. Babay N. SEM study on the effect of two different demineralization methods with saturated tetracycline hydrochloride on diseased root surfaces.J Contemp Dent Pract. 2001; 2: 25-35.         [ Links ]

7. Blomlof J, Jansson L, Blomlof L, Lindskog S. Root surface etching at neutral pH promotes periodontal healing. J Clin Periodontol. 1996; 23: 50-5.         [ Links ]

8. Babay N. Nondiseased dentinal root surface following citric acid or tetracycline hydrochloride conditioning: a scanning electron microscopic study on the effects of ultrasonic irrigation before and after root conditioning. Quintessence Int. 1997; 28: 93-7.         [ Links ]

9. Sakallioglu U, Acikgoz G, Ayas B, Kirtiloglu T, Sakallioglu E. Healing of periodontal defects treated with enamel matrix proteins and root surface conditioning—an experimental study in dogs. Biomaterials. 2004; 25: 1831-40.         [ Links ]

10. Isik AG, Tarim B, Hafez AA, Yalcin FS, Onan U, Cox CF. A comparative scanning electron microscopic study on the characteristics of demineralized dentin root surface using different tetracycline HCl concentrations and application times. J Periodontol. 2000; 71: 219-25.         [ Links ]

11. Isik G, Ince S, Saglam F, Onan U. Comparative SEM study on the effect of different demineralization methods with tetracycline HCl on healthy root surfaces. J Clin Periodontol. 1997; 24: 589-94.         [ Links ]

12. Baker PJ, Rotch HA, Trombelli L, Wikesjo UM. An in vitro screening model to evaluate root conditioning protocols for periodontal regenerative procedures. J Periodontol. 2000; 71: 1139-43.         [ Links ]

13. Babay N. The effect of EDTA on the attachment and growth of cultured human gingival fibroblasts in periodontitis-affected root surface. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2001; 2: 13-23.         [ Links ]

14. Sampaio JE, Rached RS, Pilatti GL, Theodoro LH, Batista LH. Effectiveness of EDTA and EDTA-T brushing on the removal of root surface smear layer. Pesq Odontol Bras. 2003; 17: 319-25.         [ Links ]

15. Blomlof L, Bergman E, Forsgardh A, Foss L, Larsson A, Sjoberg B, Uhlander L, Jonsson B, Blomlof J, Lindskog S. A clinical study of root surface conditioning with an EDTA gel. I. Nonsurgical periodontal treatment. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2000; 20: 560-5.         [ Links ]

16. Oliveira SS, Marshall SJ, Habelitz S, Gansky SA, Wilson RS, Marshall GW Jr. The effect of a self-etching primer on the continuous demineralization of dentin. Eur J Oral Sci. 2004; 112: 376-83.         [ Links ]

17. Register AA, Burdick FA. Accelerated reattachment with cementogenesis to dentin, demineralized in situ. I. Optimum range. J Periodontol. 1975; 46: 646-55.         [ Links ]

18. Larjava H, Salonen J, Hakkinen L, Narhi T. Effect of citric acid treatment on the migration of epithelium on root surfaces in vitro. J Periodontol. 1988; 59: 95-9.         [ Links ]

19. Seymour RA, Heasman PA. Tetracyclines in the management of periodontal diseases. A review. J Clin Periodontol. 1995; 22: 22-35.         [ Links ]

20. Terranova VP, Franzetti LC, Hic S, DiFlorio RM, Lyall RM, Wikesjo UM, Baker PJ, Christersson LA, Genco RJ. A biochemical approach to periodontal regeneration: tetracycline treatment of dentin promotes fibroblast adhesion and growth. J Periodontal Res. 1986; 21: 330-7.         [ Links ]

21. Golub LM, Ramamurthy NS, McNamara TF, Greenwald RA, Rifkin BR. Tetracyclines inhibit connective tissue breakdown: new therapeutic implications for an old family of drugs. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 1991; 2: 297-321.         [ Links ]

22. Ingman T, Sorsa T, Suomalainen K, Halinen S, Lindy O, Lauhio A et al. Tetracycline inhibition and the cellular source of collagenase in gingival crevicular fluid in different periodontal diseases. A review article. J Periodontol. 1993; 64: 82-8.         [ Links ]

23. Blomlöf J, Blomlöf L, Lindskog S. Effect of different concentrations of EDTA on smear layer and collagen exposure in periodontitis-affected root surfaces. J Clin Periodontal. 1997; 24: 534-7.         [ Links ]

24. Sterrett JD, Bankey T, Murphy HJ. Dentin demineralization. The effects of citric acid concentration and application time. J Clin Periodontol. 1993; 20: 366-70.         [ Links ]

25. Fine DH, Morris ML, Tabak L, Cole JD. Preliminary characterization of material eluted from the roots of periodontally diseased teeth. J Periodontal Res. 1980; 15: 10-9.         [ Links ]

26. Daly CG. Anti-bacterial effect of citric acid treatment of periodontally diseased root surfaces in vitro. J Clin Periodontol. 1982; 9: 386-92.         [ Links ]

27. Vanheusden AJ, Goffinet G, Zahedi S, Nusgens B, Lapiere CM, Rompen EH. In vitro stimulation of human gingival epithelial cell attachment to dentin by surface conditioning. J Periodontol. 1999; 70: 594-603.         [ Links ]

28. Polson AM, Proye MP. Fibrin linkage: a precursor for new attachment. J Periodontol. 1983; 54: 141-7.         [ Links ]

29. Rompen EH, Kohl J, Nusgens B, Lapiere CM. Kinetic aspects of gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblast attachment to surface-conditioned dentin. J Dent Res. 1993; 72: 607-12.         [ Links ]

30. Somerman MJ, Archer SY, Hassell TM, Shteyer A, Foster RA. Enhancement by extracts of mineralized tissues of protein production by human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. Arch Oral Biol. 1987; 32: 879-83.         [ Links ]

31. Haugen E, Johansen JR. Tooth hypersensitivity after periodontal treatment. A case report including SEM studies. J Clin Periodontol. 1988; 15: 399-401.         [ Links ]

32. Lafferty TA, Gher ME, Gray JL. Comparative SEM study on the effect of acid etching with tetracycline HCl or citric acid on instrumented periodontallyinvolved human root surfaces. J Periodontol. 1993; 64: 689-93.         [ Links ]

33. Stabholz A, Kettering J, Aprecio R, Zimmerman G, Baker PJ, Wikesjo UM. Antimicrobial properties of human dentin impregnated with tetracycline HCl or chlorhexidine. An in vitro study. J Clin Periodontol. 1993; 20: 557-62.         [ Links ]

 

 

Correspondence to:
Carlos José Soares
Faculdade de Odontologia – Universidade
Federal de Uberlândia
Área de Dentística e Materiais Odontológicos
Av. Pará, n° 1720, Campus Umuarama,
Bloco 2B, Sala 2B-24,
CEP: 38405-902 - Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
Phone: 55 - 34 32182255 / Fax: 55 - 34 32182279
E-mail: carlosjsoares@umuarama.ufu.br

Received for publication: March 26, 2010
Accepted: June 16, 2010