ORIGINAL ARTICLE

 

Risk factors for oral candidiasis in Brazilian HIV-infected adult patients

 

 

Mariela Dutra Gontijo Moura^I; Soraya de Mattos Camargo Grossman^I; Linaena Méricy da Silva Fonseca^II; Maria Letícia Ramos-Jorge^III; Ricardo Alves Mesquita^IV

^IMSc, Graduate students, Department of Oral Pathology, Dental School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
^IIPhD, Assistant Professor, School of Health, Faculdades Pitágoras, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
^IIIPhD, Professor. Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Vales Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
^IVPhD, Associate Professor Department, of Oral Pathology, Dental School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

Correspondence to

 

 

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ABSTRACT

AIM: The goals of this study were: 1) to estimate the prevalence of oral candidiasis (OC) in a sample of Brazilian HIV-infected adult patients, and 2) to investigate the risk factors for HIVassociated OC in this sample.
METHODS: This case-control study included 112 HIV-infected patients treated between 2002 and 2004 at a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. Data were collected from medical records and clinical examinations. Diagnosis of OC was performed in accordance with the International Classification System and cytological features. Seventeen clinical and laboratorial variables were registered. Univariate analyses were performed on all variables. Multiple logistic regression techniques were used to develop a model and identify the set of variables that may predict risk factors in HIV-infected adult patients with OC.
RESULTS: Prevalence of OC was 31.3%. OC was associated with oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) [p<0.001; odds ratio (OR) = 10.2 (95%CI: 4.0-26.0)], previous use of fluconazole [p<0.001; OR=27.4 (95%CI: 8.1-92.0)] and viral load [p=0.042; OR=2.3 (95%CI: 1.0-5.3)].
CONCLUSIONS: These results are important for the development of strategies to eliminate these risk factors and significantly reduce OC in HIV-infected patients.

Keywords: AIDS, candidiasis, HAART, HIV infection, prevalence ratio, risk factors.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by grants from the the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq #301490/2007-4). Mesquita RA is research fellows of the CNPq.

 

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Correspondence to:
Ricardo Alves Mesquita
Faculdade de Odontologia da UFMG
Disciplina de Patologia Bucal, sala 3202-D
Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627
Pampulha - 31270-901
Belo Horizonte - MG, Brasil
Phone: +55-31-3409-2499
E-mail: ramesquita@ufmg.br

Received for publication: December 07, 2009
Accepted: August 27, 2010