Smile analysis following orthognathic surgery

Gabriel Ramalho Ferreira^I; Leonardo Perez Faverani^I; Gustavo Augusto Grossi de Oliveira^I; André Luis da Silva Fabris^I; Cláudio Maldonado Pastori^II; Omar Gabriel da Silva Filho^III

^IDDS, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Resident in the Bauru Hospital Association, Brazil
^IIDDS, MS, PhD, Coordinator/Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in the Bauru Hospital Association, Brazil
^IIIDDS, MS, Professor of Orthodontics and Coordinator of the Orthodontics Program, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo campus at Bauru, Brazil

Correspondence

ABSTRACT

AIM: This study compared the different views between orthodontists and oral maxillofacial surgeons, as for smile analysis in patients subjected to orthognathic surgery.
METHODS: Thirty individuals who had undergone orthognathic surgery and had a minimum postoperative period of 6 months were selected. Posttreatment frontal smile photographs were obtained and examined. Smile features were recorded by 4 professionals (2 orthodontists and 2 surgeons) and the agreement between them was assessed.
RESULTS: The subjective analysis of smile as well as the observation of incisal and gingival exposure showed a statistically significant agreement percentage between the two groups. Nevertheless, no agreement was seen between the surgeons, while evaluating the buccal corridor and the parallelism between the incisal edge of antero-superior teeth and the lower lip. Significant agreement percentage (60%) was seen only between the orthodontists regarding the smile arch parallelism.
CONCLUSIONS: Professionals must be alert as for facial analysis, mainly in terms of smile harmony, so that the orthognathic surgery will satisfactorily reestablish the facial esthetics in all the parameters outlined.

Keywords: smile, esthetics, harmony, interdisciplinary analysis.

References

1. Cox NH, Van de Linden F. Facial harmony. Am J Orthod. 1971; 60: 175-83.         [ Links ]

2. Ricketts RM. Planning treatment on the basis of the facial pattern and an estimate of its growth. Angle Orthod. 1957; 27: 14-37.         [ Links ]

3. Ricketts RM. Divine proportions in facial esthetics. Clin Plast Surg. 1982; 9: 401-22.         [ Links ]

4. Isiksal E, Hazar S, Akyalciin S. Smile esthetics: Perception and comparison of treated and untreated smiles. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2006; 129: 8-16.         [ Links ]

5. Sarver DM. The importance of incisor positioning in the esthetic smile: The smile arc. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2001; 120: 98-111.         [ Links ]

6. Sarver DM, Ackerman MB. Dynamic smile visualization and quantification: Part 2. Smile analysis and treatment strategies. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2003; 124: 116-27.         [ Links ]

7. Suguino R, Ramos AL, Terada IR, Furquim LZ, Maeda L, Silva Filho OG. Análise facial. Rev Dent Press Ortod Ortop Max. 1996; 1: 86-105.         [ Links ]

8. Braga Reis SA, Capelozza Filho L, Claro CAA. Análise facial subjetiva. Rev Dent Press Ortod Ortop Fac. 2006; 11: 159-72.         [ Links ]

9. Arnett WG, McLaughlin RP. Planejamento facial e dentário para ortodontistas e cirurgiões bucomaxilofaciais. São Paulo: Artes Médicas; 2004. p.171.         [ Links ]

10. Sarver D, Jacobson RS. The Aesthetic Dentofacial Analysis. Clin Plast Surg. 2007; 34: 369-94.         [ Links ]

11. Sant'Ana E, Rodrigues MTV, Ferreira GR, Gurgel JA. Cirurgia ortognática de modelos: protocolo para mandíbula. Rev Dent Press Ortod Ortop Fac. 2007; 12: 38-46.         [ Links ]

12. Hulsey CM. An esthetic evaluation of tooth-lip relationships present in smile. Am J Orthod. 1970; 57: 132-44.         [ Links ]

13. Ackerman J, Ackerman MB, Brensinger CM, Landis JR. A morphometric analysis of the posed smile. Clin Orthod Res. 1998; 1: 2-11.         [ Links ]

14. Zachrisson BU. Esthetic factors involved in anterior tooth display and the smile; vertical dimension. J Clin Orthod. 1998; 32: 432-45.         [ Links ]

Correspondence to:
Gabriel Ramalho Ferreira
Rua Afonso Pena, 2000 bloco 4 Ap. 12
Edifício Aguilera - Jardim Paulista,
16011-195 - Araçatuba, SP, Brasil
Phone: +55-18-8112-1750 ]]> E-mail: leobucomaxilo@gmail.com

Received for publication: January 06, 2010
Accepted: March 15, 2010