Abstract

CASTRO-SILVA, Igor Iuco; COUTINHO, Lawrence Andrade Costa da Rocha  and  GRANJEIRO, José Mauro. Systematic review of use of mesenchymal stem cells in bone loss therapies. Innov. Implant. J., Biomater. Esthet. (Online) [online]. 2010, vol.5, n.3, pp. 29-34. ISSN 1984-5960.

Bone loss therapies using mesenchymal stem cells suggest a promising prospect for use in oral reconstructive surgeries. The aim of this study was to review the literature of the past 15 years with experimental theme to draw a profile of methodologies and results achieved in this area. A remarkable growth of publications occurred in economically developed countries. The bone marrow remains the main source of tissue mesenchymal stem cells (79.31%), characterized by adherence, immunophenotyping and multipotency, which can promote osteogenesis in vitro. Although there is a plurality of experimental models in vivo (animal species) and clinical studies (anatomical sites), there is prevalence of preclinical trials of cell therapy (27.03%), indicating good tissue biocompatibility and the highest osteogenesis after graft. Clinical studies have related positive results in the treatment of periodontal defects, alveolar ridge deficiency, congenital alveolar cleft, extensive cranial defects, maxillary sinus lifting and mandibular atrophy after radiation. The most used biomaterials as cell carriers were hydroxyapatite-based bioceramics (11.16%) followed by collagen- (5.42%) or poly lactic acid- (5.30%) based polymers and calcium phosphates-based composites (3.71%). We concluded that the use of mesenchymal stem cells represent new and effective therapeutic tools for bone regeneration in dentistry and medicine.

Keywords : Stem cells; Biocompatible materials; Osteogenesis.